| 17th century |
René Descartes |deɪˈkɑːrt| |
Analytic geometry, Cartesian coordinates |
| |
Pierre de Fermat |fɚˈmɑː| |
Number theory, analytic geometry, early calculus |
| |
Blaise Pascal |pæsˈkæl| |
Probability, projective geometry |
| |
John Wallis |ˈwɔː.lɪs| |
Analysis, infinitesimal methods |
| |
Isaac Newton |ˈnuː.tən| |
Calculus, infinite series, mathematical physics |
| |
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz |ˈlaɪb.nɪts| |
Calculus, notation, symbolic methods |
| |
Christiaan Huygens |ˈhaɪ.ɡənz| |
Probability, geometry, mathematical physics |
| |
Jacob Bernoulli |bɚˈnuː.li| |
Probability, infinite series, calculus |
| 18th century |
Johann Bernoulli |bɚˈnuː.li| |
Calculus, differential equations, variational problems |
| |
Abraham de Moivre |də ˈmwɑːv| |
Probability, complex numbers |
| |
Brook Taylor |ˈteɪ.lɚ| |
Taylor series |
| |
Colin Maclaurin |məˈklɔːr.ɪn| |
Infinite series, calculus |
| |
Leonhard Euler |ˈɔɪ.lɚ| |
Analysis, number theory, graph theory, notation |
| |
Joseph-Louis Lagrange |ləˈɡrɑːnʒ| |
Analysis, mechanics, number theory |
| |
Pierre-Simon Laplace |ləˈplɑːs| |
Probability, analysis, differential equations |
| |
Adrien-Marie Legendre |ləˈʒɑːn.drə| |
Number theory, elliptic integrals |
| 19th century |
Carl Friedrich Gauss |ɡaʊs| |
Number theory, geometry, analysis, statistics |
| |
Augustin-Louis Cauchy |ˈkoʊ.ʃi| |
Rigorous analysis, complex analysis |
| |
Niels Henrik Abel |ˈeɪ.bəl| |
Algebra, elliptic functions |
| |
Évariste Galois |ɡælˈwɑː| |
Group theory, algebraic equations |
| |
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi |dʒəˈkoʊ.bi| |
Analysis, elliptic functions, mechanics |
| |
Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet |ˌdɪr.ɪˈkleɪ| |
Number theory, analysis |
| |
William Rowan Hamilton |ˈhæm.ɪl.tən| |
Quaternions, algebra, mechanics |
| |
George Boole |buːl| |
Boolean algebra, mathematical logic |
| |
Bernhard Riemann |ˈriː.mən| |
Geometry, analysis, number theory |
| |
Karl Weierstrass |ˈwaɪ.ɚ.stræs| |
Rigorous analysis, foundations of calculus |
| |
Richard Dedekind |ˈdeɪ.də.kɪnt| |
Foundations of real numbers, abstract algebra |
| |
Georg Cantor |ˈkæn.tɔːr| |
Set theory, infinite cardinalities |
| |
Felix Klein |klaɪn| |
Geometry, group-theoretic viewpoint |
| |
Sophus Lie |liː| |
Lie groups and Lie algebras |
| |
Henri Poincaré |ˌpwɑːn.kəˈreɪ| |
Topology, dynamical systems, geometry |
| 20th century |
David Hilbert |ˈhɪl.bɚt| |
Foundations, geometry, functional analysis |
| |
Henri Lebesgue |ləˈbɛɡ| |
Measure theory, integration |
| |
Emmy Noether |ˈnɔɪ.tɚ| |
Abstract algebra, invariant theory |
| |
Hermann Weyl |vaɪl| |
Geometry, representation theory, mathematical physics |
| |
Stefan Banach |ˈbɑː.nɑːx| |
Functional analysis |
| |
John von Neumann |vɑːn ˈnɔɪ.mən| |
Functional analysis, operator theory, mathematical foundations |
| |
Andrey Kolmogorov |ˌkɑːl.məˈɡɔːr.ɑːv| |
Probability theory, dynamical systems |
| |
Kurt Gödel |ˈɡɝː.dəl| |
Mathematical logic, incompleteness theorems |
| |
Alan Turing |ˈtʊr.ɪŋ| |
Computability theory, mathematical logic |
| |
André Weil |veɪ| |
Number theory, algebraic geometry |
| |
Alexander Grothendieck |ˈɡroʊ.tən.diːk| |
Algebraic geometry, category-theoretic methods |
| |
Jean-Pierre Serre |sɛr| |
Algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, number theory |
| |
Laurent Schwartz |ʃwɔːrts| |
Distribution theory, functional analysis |
| |
Paul Erdős |ˈer.dɝːʃ| |
Combinatorics, number theory, graph theory |
| |
John Nash |næʃ| |
Geometry, partial differential equations, game theory |
| |
Michael Atiyah |əˈtiː.jə| |
Geometry, topology, index theory |