1. Overview
- We call a part of a sentence a constituent.
- A constituent has a particular function in the larger constituent.
2. Constituents
- Lexeme
- Verb
- Lexical verb
- Auxiliary verb
- Noun
- Determinative
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Preposition
- Subordinator
- Coordinator
- Phrase (whose head is a lexeme)
- Verb phrase
- Noun phrase
- Determinative phrase
- Adjective phrase
- Adverbial phrase
- Preposition phrase
- Clause
- Coordination
3. Functions
- In a coordination: coordinate, marker
- In a clause: predicate (VP), dependent
- In a phrase: head, dependent
4. Dependents of a clause
- Subject
- Adjunct: an optional dependent which is not required by the predicate.
- Marker
5. Dependents of a phrase
- Complement
- Object: a person or thing different from the subject.
- Direct object
- Indirect object
- Predicative complement
- Adjunct: an optional dependent which is not required by the head.
- Modifier: fully integrated, attached
- Supplement: loosely attached
- Determiner