| 17th century |
René Descartes /deɪˈkɑːrt/ |
Analytic geometry, Cartesian coordinates |
| |
Pierre de Fermat /fɚˈmɑː/ |
Number theory, analytic geometry, early calculus |
| |
Blaise Pascal /pæsˈkæl/ |
Probability, projective geometry |
| |
John Wallis /ˈwɔː.lɪs/ |
Analysis, infinitesimal methods |
| |
Isaac Newton /ˈnuː.tən/ |
Calculus, infinite series, mathematical physics |
| |
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz /ˈlaɪb.nɪts/ |
Calculus, notation, symbolic methods |
| |
Christiaan Huygens /ˈhaɪ.ɡənz/ |
Probability, geometry, mathematical physics |
| |
Jacob Bernoulli /bɚˈnuː.li/ |
Probability, infinite series, calculus |
| 18th century |
Johann Bernoulli /bɚˈnuː.li/ |
Calculus, differential equations, variational problems |
| |
Abraham de Moivre /də ˈmwɑːv/ |
Probability, complex numbers |
| |
Brook Taylor /ˈteɪ.lɚ/ |
Taylor series |
| |
Colin Maclaurin /məˈklɔːr.ɪn/ |
Infinite series, calculus |
| |
Leonhard Euler /ˈɔɪ.lɚ/ |
Analysis, number theory, graph theory, notation |
| |
Joseph-Louis Lagrange /ləˈɡrɑːnʒ/ |
Analysis, mechanics, number theory |
| |
Pierre-Simon Laplace /ləˈplɑːs/ |
Probability, analysis, differential equations |
| |
Adrien-Marie Legendre /ləˈʒɑːn.drə/ |
Number theory, elliptic integrals |
| 19th century |
Carl Friedrich Gauss /ɡaʊs/ |
Number theory, geometry, analysis, statistics |
| |
Augustin-Louis Cauchy /ˈkoʊ.ʃi/ |
Rigorous analysis, complex analysis |
| |
Niels Henrik Abel /ˈeɪ.bəl/ |
Algebra, elliptic functions |
| |
Évariste Galois /ɡælˈwɑː/ |
Group theory, algebraic equations |
| |
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi /dʒəˈkoʊ.bi/ |
Analysis, elliptic functions, mechanics |
| |
Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet /ˌdɪr.ɪˈkleɪ/ |
Number theory, analysis |
| |
William Rowan Hamilton /ˈhæm.ɪl.tən/ |
Quaternions, algebra, mechanics |
| |
George Boole /buːl/ |
Boolean algebra, mathematical logic |
| |
Bernhard Riemann /ˈriː.mən/ |
Geometry, analysis, number theory |
| |
Karl Weierstrass /ˈwaɪ.ɚ.stræs/ |
Rigorous analysis, foundations of calculus |
| |
Richard Dedekind /ˈdeɪ.də.kɪnt/ |
Foundations of real numbers, abstract algebra |
| |
Georg Cantor /ˈkæn.tɔːr/ |
Set theory, infinite cardinalities |
| |
Felix Klein /klaɪn/ |
Geometry, group-theoretic viewpoint |
| |
Sophus Lie /liː/ |
Lie groups and Lie algebras |
| |
Henri Poincaré /ˌpwɑːn.kəˈreɪ/ |
Topology, dynamical systems, geometry |
| 20th century |
David Hilbert /ˈhɪl.bɚt/ |
Foundations, geometry, functional analysis |
| |
Henri Lebesgue /ləˈbɛɡ/ |
Measure theory, integration |
| |
Emmy Noether /ˈnɔɪ.tɚ/ |
Abstract algebra, invariant theory |
| |
Hermann Weyl /vaɪl/ |
Geometry, representation theory, mathematical physics |
| |
Stefan Banach /ˈbɑː.nɑːx/ |
Functional analysis |
| |
John von Neumann /vɑːn ˈnɔɪ.mən/ |
Functional analysis, operator theory, mathematical foundations |
| |
Andrey Kolmogorov /ˌkɑːl.məˈɡɔːr.ɑːv/ |
Probability theory, dynamical systems |
| |
Kurt Gödel /ˈɡɝː.dəl/ |
Mathematical logic, incompleteness theorems |
| |
Alan Turing /ˈtʊr.ɪŋ/ |
Computability theory, mathematical logic |
| |
André Weil /veɪ/ |
Number theory, algebraic geometry |
| |
Alexander Grothendieck /ˈɡroʊ.tən.diːk/ |
Algebraic geometry, category-theoretic methods |
| |
Jean-Pierre Serre /sɛr/ |
Algebraic topology, algebraic geometry, number theory |
| |
Laurent Schwartz /ʃwɔːrts/ |
Distribution theory, functional analysis |
| |
Paul Erdős /ˈer.dɝːʃ/ |
Combinatorics, number theory, graph theory |
| |
John Nash /næʃ/ |
Geometry, partial differential equations, game theory |
| |
Michael Atiyah /əˈtiː.jə/ |
Geometry, topology, index theory |